2. Workshop Advanced usage of viiaPackage (Day 1)

The first day of the workshop focusses on the topics ‘strengthening’ and ‘result handling’ within the NLTH analysis process. This page contains the materials, the recorded instructions and solutions to the exercises.

2.1. General procedure for NLTH model development and analysis with viiaPackage

The general procedure for NLTH is shown in the following figure. This workflow focusses on the model, for the complete NLTH workflow refer to the protocol.

Figure 2.42 General NLTH model procedure.

2.2. Strengthening

2.2.1. Strengthening measures in the GMC

Within the GMC there are 8 categories of strengthening measures:

Category	Measure for	Description
L1	Eliminating acute hazards	Stabilizing elements preventing acute damage like chimney, ducts
L2	Connections	Coupling different structural/non-structural elements to ensure efficient transfer of forces eg. wall and floor.
L3	Floors and roofs	Improving diaphragm action (shear capacity)
L4	Walls (out-of-plane)	Improving the out-of-plane capacity of walls (both load and non-load bearing).
L5	Walls (in-plane)	Improving the in-plane capacity of walls(both load and non-load bearing)
L6	Foundation	Improving the bearing capacity of the foundation to ensure transfer of forces to the soil.
L7	Demolition	Removal of the element from the building
L8	Global behaviour change	Changing the global behavior of the structure so as not have any additional measures eg. base isolation.

Table 2.1 - Strengthening measures in the GMC.

2.2.2. Strengthening measures in DIANA

Applying measures in DIANA model:

Category	Application in DIANA
L1	Not required to model in DIANA.
L2	Application of a linear interface and reporting the interface stresses
L3	Changing the properties of the floor/roof + addition of existing mass (changing input through viiaPackage) – Will be implemented later.
L4	Some via functions in viiaPackage and some in DIANA
L5	Some via functions in viiaPackage and some in DIANA
L6	Some via functions in viiaPackage and some in DIANA
L7	Not required to model in DIANA.
L8	Not implemented.

Table 2.2 - Application of strengthening measures in the NLTH model.

The available strengthening measures in the viiaPackage are (bold indicated measures are working):

• L2 (linear interface)

• L4 – L4-B, L4-F, L4-I, L4-O, L4-R, L4-D

• L5 – L5-A, L5-B, L5-N, L5-P

• L6 – L6-J

2.2.3. Workflow for strengthening

• Required input from user for strengthening functions – shape_name/shape_object generally

• Default input – This is generally provided from offset values (top and bottom), spacing between members (eg. L4-F, L4-D). Should be given in input argument as per user requirement.

• Note: when strengthening is added to an element (wall/floor), its meta_data attribute is filled in with the strengthening measure.

wall.meta_data('strengthening') = 'L4-F'

• For details regarding connections, refer to the material from ‘Connections workshop’.

Figure 2.43 Workflow applying strengthening measures in NLTH model.

2.2.4. Measure L4-F

This section shows how to apply the L4-F in the NLTH model.

Figure 2.44 Information on strengthening measure L4-F.

Applying the L4-F measure using the viiaPackage:

project.viia_l4f()

2.2.5. Measure L4-D

This section shows how to apply the L4-D in the NLTH model.

Figure 2.45 Information on strengthening measure L4-D.

Applying the L4-D measure using the viiaPackage:

project.viia_l4d()

2.2.6. Measure L5-P

This section shows how to apply the L5-P in the NLTH model.

Figure 2.46 Information on strengthening measure L5-P.

Applying the L5-P measure using the viiaPackage:

project.viia_l5p()

2.2.7. Instructions on applying strengthening measures

The following recording shows the instructions on how to apply strengthening measures in NLTH:

Figure 2.47 Instructions on applying strengthening in the NLTH model.

All excercises are to be executed on the following model:

Model for excercises for strengthening measures

2.2.8. Excercise 1 - Applying the measure

Add the measure ‘L4-F’ to the wall with name ‘N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-8’ on the inside.

Exercise script

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.48 Instructions on solution of excercise 1.

Create the L4-F measure:

project.viia_l4f('N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-8', flip=True)

Note: The columns are not created above openings. If the measure is applied to walls with openings, L4-G should be applied. The other elements around the opening and above need to be manually added by the user right now.

Solution

2.2.9. Excercise 2 - Parts of the function not working

Add the measure ‘L4-F’ to the wall with name ‘N0-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-2’. Check the applied measures in DIANA and do the necessary changes (if any).

Note

For this example we provide you with a broken function l4-F in the script itself.

Exercise script

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.49 Instructions on solution of excercise 2.

Create the L4-F measure:

project.viia_l4f(wall='N0-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-2')

The eccentricity is not added, this needs to be added after viia_create_model().

Solution

2.2.10. Excercise 3 - Application of measure not available

Apply the measure ‘L3-A’ on the floor with name ‘N1-VLOEREN-LIN-HBV-PLANKEN-0.018-0.080-0.200-0.770-1’.

Note

This measure is not currently present in the viiaPackage. Also, eccentricity for HBV floors does not have to be applied for now. (For the measure, refer to the UPR)

Exercise script

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.50 Instructions on solution of excercise 3.

floor = fem_find_object('N1-VLOEREN-LIN-HBV-PLANKEN-0.018-0.080-0.200-0.770-1', project.collections.floors)
floor_old_mass_density = floor.material.mass_density
floor_material = project.viia_create_material('LIN-HBV-PLATEN-0.024-0.080-0.200-0.770')
floor.material = floor_material
floor.name = 'N1-VLOEREN-LIN-HBV-PLATEN-0.024-0.080-0.200-0.770-1'
project.viia_adjust_mass_of_surface(floor_old_mass_density*9.81/fem_area(floor.get_points()),floor)

Note

This measure will be added later to the viiaPackage.

Solution

2.2.11. Excercise 4 - Combination of measures

Apply the measure L5-R for the wall ‘N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-5’. This measure is used for the combined in-plane and out-of-plane strengthening of masonry walls. Eg. This can be for structures subjected to torsion. Hint: L5-R is not available in the viiaPackage, but is a combination of two measures L4-F and L5-P.

Exercise script

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.51 Instructions on solution of excercise 4, part 1.

Figure 2.52 Instructions on solution of excercise 4. part 2.

project.viia_l4f(wall='N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-5', flip = True)
del fem_find_object('N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-5', project.collections.walls).meta_data['strengthening']
project.viia_l5p(
    wall=fem_find_object('N1-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-5', project.collections.walls),
    application_type='Negative’)

It should be noted that this way, the eccentricity of the columns is slightly lesser (by 10 mm) and the strengthening is conservative. An alternative to this could be creating the columns at the exact eccentricity and creating ties with the wall.

Solution

2.2.12. Exercise 5 – Measure with a connection

Apply the measure ‘L4-F’ for the wall ‘N0-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-7’ without any offsets. The connections were created as part of the package for this wall with the connecting beams/floor.

Exercise script Dat file

TODO: Add link to BOX folder for the result files.

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the exercise:

project.viia_l4f(wall='N0-WANDEN-MW-KLEI<1945-150-7', flip=True, offset_bottom=0.0, offset_top=0.0)
project.viia_connect_all_shapes()
project.viia_auto_interfaces() # Can be any interface function

Solution

2.3. Result handling

This section will focus on the result handling of the NLTH analysis.

Figure 2.53 Overview of available result handling for NLTH.

2.3.1. Convergence graph

Available in the NLTH result script (template in viiaPackage) within the function viia_results().

• Features: Duration of analysis, Converging steps, Relative energy/displacement/force variation, cracking

• Input: Out-file of analysis, parameter variation.

• Output: Convergence graph for one analysis.

Figure 2.54 Figure 2.13 - Example convergence graph.

2.3.2. Output for geotechnical engineer

Available in the NLTH result script (template in viiaPackage).

Function related to the collecting of geotechnical output:

• viia_geo_output – Obtaining the maximum base shear per strip/pile from the signal with the time instant. Indicated green part in Figure 2.14.

• viia_geo_output_nls – Obtaining the permanent and variable loads from nonlinear Indicated green part in Figure 2.14.

• viia_geo_output_merge – Combining these two results in a format relevant for geo tool

These functions will require the following input and deliver the following output:

• Input: .dat , .json, _5A.tb, _5B.tb for all signals (in A12 result folder) and .dat, .json, _5A.tb (in A10 result folder).

• Output: A json-file per signal and a single json-file for non-linear static, generated in working folder (both files would contain the dimensions and coordinates of the foundation element).

The functions create different parts of the json-file. These are indicated in the following figure:

Figure 2.55 Json-file for output for geotechnical assessment.

Figure 2.56 Explanation of the elements in the geotechnical output.for output for geotechnical assessment.

2.3.3. Base shear

The base shear result handling is part of the result handling (also generated within the Geo output functions if needed for all 7 signals) in the NLTH result-script. The function can also be used seperately:

• viia_base_shear - Create the base shear graph.

This functions will require the following input and deliver the following output:

• Input: _5A.tb file, analysis object.

• Output: Base shear graph.

Figure 2.57 Example base shear graph.

2.3.4. OOP/IP displacements

The wall displacement result handling is part of the result handling in the NLTH result-script. The function can also be used seperately:

• viia_wall_displacements

This functions will require the following input and deliver the following output:

• Input: OUTPUT_2.tb, list of walls (can be obtained from .json).

• Output: The OOP/IP displacement and total displacements per wall along the duration of signal created as png-file in the folder OOP_IP_displacements within the working folder.

Figure 2.58 Example wall-displacements graph.

Figure 2.59 Example relative wall-displacements graph.

2.3.5. Result pictures

The result pictures part of the result handling is done in the NLTH result-script. The functions can also be used seperately:

• viia_create_result_pictures

This functions will require the following input and deliver the following output:

• Input Files: .json, .dat, OUTPUT_4.tb, OUTPUT_1A_max.dnb, OUTPUT_1B_min.dnb, OUTPUT_MOVIE.

• Output: The result pictures are created in the analysis folder. Main results are added in the documentation - `LINK<http://bit.ly/2M785oS>`_

Note

Alternative result pictures script is available (more based on DIANA commands). Pictures of reinforcements are not created.

Generic input for pictures:

Figure 2.60 Result picture object.

• For creating the result picture dictionary – has a default dictionary of pictures.

• Structure – Name of picture (key) : Selected shapes/elements (value)

• Eg. Dynamic-DispX-Max: Maximum displacement in X – Is created for the building, also for interstorey drift and for walls per storey.

Figure 2.61 Default pictures dictioanry.

2.3.6. Some other result handling features

• Movie maker is available as part of result handling script (Required OpenCv-python package): viia_movie_maker.

• project.evaluation_step in case of diverged calculations – for BSC calculations can be helpful sometimes

• Additional script (as a last resort).

2.3.7. Instructions on result handling

The following recording shows the instructions on how to do result handling in NLTH:

Figure 2.62 Instructions on result handling of NLTH analysis.

Figure 2.63 Instructions on result handling of NLTH analysis, additional explanations.

2.3.8. Excercise 1 - Convergence graph of interrupted analysis

Try creating the convergence graph for the broken out-file in the same folder. Figure out the issue and make the necessary changes to obtain the convergence graph.

Exercise script Outfile

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.64 Instructions on solution of excercise 1.

project.viia_convergence_graph(r'location of the convergence outfile')
# Remove the parts of text of the incomplete step from the Convergence.out file
# Re-run the function

Solution

2.3.9. Excercise 2 - Base shear of interrupted analysis

The base shear graph is generated as part of the geotechnical output in the workflow. However, the geo-output function is not working. Create the graph in an alternative way.

Exercise script Model DIANA dat-file Result-file

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Figure 2.24 - Instructions on solution of excercise 1.

# Reading the dump file a
project.viia_read_dump('location of dump file', False)
analysis_object = project.collections.analyses[-1]
project.from_diana(Path('location of dat file'))

# Base shear graph
project.viia_base_shear('location of OUTPUT_5A.tb file',analysis_object)

Solution

2.3.10. Excercise 3 - Create result pictures

Make the following changes for the result pictures script. Change to Advanced_Workshop_Result_pictures branch for this.

• Fill in the missing details in the result script.

• Make the necessary changes w.r.t Analysis object.

• Add the evaluation_step to 88.

• Change the limits for the crack pictures to have a limit of 20 mm.

Note: It is not necessary to create the result pictures for the exercise

Exercise script Model Additional files

Solution

The following recording shows the solution of the excercise:

Part 1

# analysis and signal
analysis_nr = 'A12'
signal = 'S3’

# Work directory
work_dir = Path('path to the directory containing the analysis files')

Part 2

# Using the mainscript, json- and dat-file in the ‘Other files’ folder, recreate the json-file with the analysis
# object (in DIANA)

Part 3

project.evaluation_step = 88 # Added before viia_result_pictures

Part 4

# Change the limits for the crack pictures in ViiaStatus.py in project.diana_settings.result_pictures

Solution